well now... that depends.
how high are you talking with regard to compression or boost? i think the answer, in a nutshell, is that as long as the fuel map is correct, and everything is done correctly for the application, they can last just as long. of course, you asked how long the
car would last, and that has nothing to do with the set up of the engine...
the main thing to worry about with high performance engines- fuel delivery. if you run lean, forget about it.
if you supply more details, i can give an attempt at a more detailed answer.