Couldn't help but add my .02.
HP= (torque x RPM)/5252
If displacement (more or less) means torque, one replacement for displacement would be high revving.
Let's look at some numbers from, I dunno, say Mustangs versus Hondas.
Mustang V6- 3.8L- 190hp- 50 hp/L
GT- 4.6L- 260hp- 56.5 hp/L
Mach 1- 4.6L- 305hp- 66.3 hp/L
SVT Cobra- 4.6L- 390 hp- 84.8 hp/L
Integra GSR- 1.8L- 170hp- 94.4 hp/L
Civic SI- 1.6L- 160hp- 100 hp/L
RSX Type S- 2.0L- 200 hp- 100 hp/L
S2000- 2.0L- 240hp- 120 hp/L
The S2000 with its 9000RPM redline proves my point about the revs.
We also see some other interesting things here: The RSX Type S produces more power than a V6 Mustang from roughly half the displacement. The S2000, with 43% of the displacement of a V8 Mustang, produces 92% of the power.
So there must be a replacement for displacement, and Ford itself even seems to have found it. In the same 4.6L of engine, output jumps from 260hp in the GT to 390 in the SVT Cobra.
Now imagine if Ford could hit the kind of efficiency Honda can. If the smallest Mustang engine could make power like a Civic, it would be 380hp. Now imagine the 4.6L hitting the S2000's numbers- to the tune of 552hp.
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