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Cold air intake (or CAI) Is tubing from your throttle body going to your wheel well. The filter sucks colder air from outside the engine bay which results in slightly better performance. On unmodified cars you might get a few horses, but you wont get the claimed 15hp difference thats claimed in magazines (at least not on a honda). Its a good first mod.
Shortram (or SRI) is just less tubing, but the same concept. The filter still sits inside your engine bay and sucks air from there. Both types result in slight hp gains. I have a SRI for two reasons: 1) much cheaper to buy 2) less of a chance of sucking up water. CAI's sit almost exposed to undercar elements, so if you where to hit a buttload of puddles or lived in a wet climate, you'll have to buy a 50 dollar air bypass valve thing, to reduce the risk of waterlogging.
basically the point to both of them is to flow more air. Factory doesnt do this because of sound, emissions, and possible mpg, but im not sure on that.
just make sure that when you are referring to air intakes you say AIR intakes and not be lazy and say intake. People drive me crazy when they talk about their intake, and I have to ask "air intake or your intake manifold?"
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